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What is Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by the presence of specific symptoms, including proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), edema (swelling), and hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of lipids in the blood). It results from damage to the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys, which leads to increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier and loss of proteins into the urine. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, reduce proteinuria, prevent complications, and address the underlying cause of the condition.

Common Causes & Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

A condition characterized by scarring (sclerosis) in specific segments of the glomeruli, leading to proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. It can result from various underlying causes, including genetic factors, infections, or certain medications.

Proteinuria

Excretion of large amounts of protein in the urine, leading to foamy or frothy urine and a reduced serum albumin level in the blood.

Hypoalbuminemia

Low levels of albumin in the blood, which can result in fluid accumulation and edema in various parts of the body, such as the legs, ankles, feet, or face.

Edema

Swelling is caused by fluid retention, often most noticeable in the lower extremities (dependent edema) but may also affect other parts of the body.

Hyperlipidemia

Elevated levels of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular complications such as atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Fatigue and Weakness

Persistent fatigue, weakness, or lethargy, often related to anemia or electrolyte imbalances associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Whom to Consult?​ and When to Seek Medical Advice?​

If you experience symptoms suggestive of nephrotic syndrome or have concerns about your kidney health, it’s essential to seek medical evaluation and appropriate management at SRM Global Hospitals, Chennai.
Dr. S. Krishna Kumar

Dr. S. Krishna Kumar

MBBS, MD, DM

Senior Consultant

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Dr. Tanuj Moses Lamech

Dr. Tanuj Moses Lamech

MBBS, MD, DM, DNB

Visiting Consultant

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Dr. Mathew Gerry George

Dr. Mathew Gerry George

MBBS, MD, DNB

Visiting Consultant

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Dr. Jayaprakash. V

Dr. Jayaprakash. V

MBBS, MD, DM, DNB

Visiting Consultant

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Consult our healthcare experts immediately if you experience​​

  • Severe or worsening symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, such as rapid weight gain, severe edema, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or signs of complications such as acute kidney injury or thromboembolism.
  • Signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or urinary symptoms, which can worsen kidney function and contribute to disease progression.

Common FAQs About Nephrotic Syndrome

Q: How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed?

A: Diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, urine tests (such as urinalysis, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio), blood tests (such as serum albumin, cholesterol, and renal function tests), imaging studies (such as ultrasound or CT scan), and kidney biopsy to assess the underlying cause of glomerular damage.

Q: What causes nephrotic syndrome?

A: Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by various underlying conditions, including minimal change disease (most common in children), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and other kidney diseases. In some cases, the cause may be idiopathic (unknown).

Q: Can nephrotic syndrome be cured?

A: The outlook for nephrotic syndrome depends on the underlying cause and the response to treatment. In many cases, especially if treated promptly and effectively, nephrotic syndrome can be managed, and kidney function may improve. However, some cases may progress to chronic kidney disease and require ongoing management or kidney transplantation.

Q: How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed?

A: Diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, urine tests (such as urinalysis and urine protein measurement), blood tests (including kidney function tests, serum albumin, and lipid profile), and sometimes kidney biopsy to determine the underlying cause and extent of kidney damage.

Q: What are the treatment options for nephrotic syndrome?

A: Treatment for nephrotic syndrome aims to reduce proteinuria, manage symptoms, and address the underlying cause if known. Treatment may include medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria, diuretics to reduce fluid retention, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs to suppress inflammation and reduce proteinuria, and dietary modifications to manage edema and hyperlipidemia.

Q: Are there lifestyle changes that can help manage nephrotic syndrome?

A: Yes, certain lifestyle changes can help manage nephrotic syndrome and reduce the risk of complications. These may include maintaining a healthy diet low in salt and protein to manage edema and hyperlipidemia, staying hydrated, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and exercising regularly.

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