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What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. CAD develops when plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) restricts blood flow to the heart, leading to symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and in severe cases, heart attack (myocardial infarction). Risk factors for CAD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of heart disease.

Common Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)​

Chest Pain (Angina)

Discomfort, pressure, or squeezing sensation in the chest, typically behind the breastbone, that may radiate to the arms, shoulders, neck, or jaw.

Shortness of Breath

Difficulty breathing, especially during physical exertion or emotional stress, due to reduced oxygen supply to the heart.

Fatigue

Feeling of tiredness or weakness, often worsened by physical activity or stress.

Heart Palpitations

Irregular heartbeat or awareness of the heartbeat, sometimes accompanied by a racing or pounding sensation.

Dizziness or Lightheadedness

Feeling faint, dizzy, or lightheaded, particularly when standing up or exerting yourself.

Whom to Consult?​ and When to Consult?​

If you experience symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease or have risk factors predisposing you to heart disease, it’s important to seek medical evaluation and management.

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Consult our Cardiac Care experts if you experience​​

  • Chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that persists, worsens, or occurs with exertion or stress.
  • Shortness of breath, especially if it's sudden, severe, or accompanied by chest pain, nausea, or sweating.
  • Symptoms suggestive of a heart attack, such as crushing chest pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, or pain radiating to the arm, neck, or jaw.
  • Risk factors for CAD such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, or family history of heart disease.

Common FAQs About Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Q: Can CAD be prevented?

A: While certain risk factors for CAD such as age, gender, and family history cannot be modified, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity, quitting smoking, managing stress, and controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes can help prevent or delay the progression of CAD.

Q: What tests are used to diagnose CAD?

A: Diagnostic tests for CAD may include electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), stress test, coronary angiography, echocardiogram, computed tomography (CT) angiography, and cardiac catheterization, depending on the individual's symptoms and risk factors.

Q: What treatments are available for CAD?

A: Treatment for CAD aims to relieve symptoms, improve blood flow to the heart, and reduce the risk of complications such as heart attack or stroke. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet, exercise), medications (e.g., statins, antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for severe blockages, and cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Q: How often should I have check-ups for CAD?

A: Regular follow-up appointments with a cardiologist or primary care physician are essential for monitoring your condition, assessing treatment effectiveness, adjusting medications, and addressing any new symptoms or concerns. The frequency of follow-up visits may vary based on individual factors such as the severity of CAD, treatment plan, and overall health status.

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