Understanding Fever in Pregnancy: Risks and What You Need to Know
Fever during pregnancy can be concerning, as it may indicate an infection or other underlying health issues. A mild fever is usually harmless, but a high or persistent fever can pose risks to both the mother and baby. Pregnancy naturally lowers immune function, making pregnant women more vulnerable to infections that can cause fever, such as viral illnesses, urinary tract infections, or respiratory conditions.
If left untreated, high fever can lead to complications, including dehydration, preterm labour, or developmental concerns for the baby. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and safe treatment options can help expectant mothers manage fever effectively while protecting their health.
What Is Considered a Fever During Pregnancy?
A fever in pregnancy is defined as a body temperature above 100.4°F (38°C). While a mild fever is generally not a cause for concern, a high or prolonged fever during pregnancy can lead to complications. Pregnant women have a slightly higher body temperature due to hormonal changes, but a significant rise in body temperature may indicate an infection.
Maternal fever in early pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects and other pregnancy and health impacts. Monitoring fever symptoms and seeking medical advice if the fever persists is essential for protecting both mother and baby.
Difference Between Mild and High Fever
| Mild Fever | High Fever |
|---|---|
| Body temperature between 99°F – 100.4°F (37.2°C – 38°C) | Body temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) |
| Usually resolves on its own | This may indicate a bacterial infection or kidney infection |
| It can be caused by mild viral infections | May increase the risk of birth defects in early pregnancy |
| Symptoms include slight discomfort and fatigue | Symptoms include chills, dehydration, and severe body aches |
| No major health impacts if short-lived | Needs medical attention to avoid increased risk of complications |
Common Symptoms Accompanying Fever
Fever during pregnancy is often accompanied by other symptoms that help identify its cause. Pregnant women may experience chills, body aches, fatigue, sweating, or headaches. If maternal fever is caused by a bacterial infection, symptoms may include a sore throat, nausea, or pain while urinating. Identifying these symptoms early can help prevent serious pregnancy and health impacts.
1. Chills and Shivering
- A sudden feeling of coldness, despite a high body temperature, is common with prenatal fever.
- Chills often indicate an immune response to an infection.
2. Body Aches and Fatigue
- Fever-related body aches can cause discomfort in muscles and joints.
- Extreme fatigue may occur, especially if the fever is due to flu or viral infections.
3. Sweating and Dehydration
- Fever causes excessive sweating, which may lead to dehydration in pregnant women.
- Drinking plenty of fluids helps regulate body temperature and prevent complications.
4. Headache and Dizziness
- A persistent headache can be a sign of maternal fever, especially in early pregnancy.
- Dizziness due to fever and dehydration may require immediate attention.
5. Nausea and Digestive Issues
- Some fevers, especially those caused by a bacterial infection or kidney infection, may lead to nausea or diarrhea.
- If nausea is severe, medical advice is necessary to avoid dehydration and pregnancy and health impacts.
Preventing Fever in Pregnancy
- Get a flu shot to reduce the risk of viral infections.
- Stay hydrated to regulate body temperature and prevent dehydration.
- Avoid contact with sick individuals to minimize exposure to bacterial infections.
- Seek early treatment for kidney infections and other illnesses that can cause fever during pregnancy.
- Monitor symptoms and consult a doctor if the fever persists or worsens.
Common Causes of Fever in Pregnancy
Fever in pregnancy can be caused by various infections and health conditions. A mild fever is usually not dangerous, but a high or persistent fever may lead to pregnancy and health impacts such as neural tube defects or birth defects in early pregnancy.
Pregnant women have a weaker immune system, making them more vulnerable to bacterial infections, viral illnesses, and foodborne diseases. Fever can also result from kidney infections, autoimmune conditions, or respiratory problems. Identifying the cause of maternal fever early and seeking medical care can help lower the increased risk of complications.
1. Viral Infections (Cold, Flu, COVID-19, etc.)
- Flu and colds are common causes of fever during pregnancy.
- Symptoms: Fever, chills, body aches, cough, sore throat, and fatigue.
- Risk factors: Flu in early pregnancy may increase the risk of neural tube defects.
- Prevention: Getting a flu shot can help protect pregnant women from severe flu symptoms.
2. Bacterial Infections (UTIs, Pneumonia, Strep Throat, etc.)
- Bacterial infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and strep throat can cause maternal fever.
- Symptoms: High body temperature, chills, pain while urinating (UTIs), or breathing difficulties (pneumonia).
- Risks: Kidney infection from an untreated UTI can cause preterm labor or other complications.
- Treatment: Antibiotics are necessary to treat bacterial infections safely during pregnancy.
3. Foodborne Illnesses (Listeria, Salmonella, etc.)
- Listeria and Salmonella infections from contaminated food can lead to fever in pregnancy.
- Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
- Risks: Listeria infection may cause pregnancy and health impacts, including miscarriage or premature birth.
- Prevention: Avoid unpasteurized dairy, raw meat, and improperly washed fruits and vegetables.
4. Respiratory Infections & Allergies
- Sinus infections, bronchitis, and severe allergies can cause fever in pregnancy.
- Symptoms: Fever, congestion, cough, headache, and difficulty breathing.
- Risks: Severe respiratory infections may lead to increased risk of complications in pregnant women.
- Treatment: Steam inhalation, rest, and hydration help manage symptoms. Seek medical advice if symptoms worsen.
5. Autoimmune Conditions & Underlying Health Issues
- Some pregnant women experience maternal fever due to autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Symptoms: Joint pain, fatigue, fever, and inflammation.
- Risks: Untreated autoimmune conditions may affect fetal development or lead to prenatal fever complications.
- Treatment: Close monitoring and safe medications help manage fever and symptoms during pregnancy.
Identifying and treating the cause of fever in pregnancy can help protect both mother and baby. If a fever is persistent or high, consult a doctor immediately.
Risks of Fever During Pregnancy
Fever during pregnancy can pose risks to both the mother and the developing baby. A mild fever is often harmless, but a high or prolonged fever may lead to serious health impacts. In the first trimester, fever is a risk factor for congenital malformations and may increase the chances of neural tube defects.
In the later stages of pregnancy, fever can lead to preterm labour, low birth weight, or affect fetal development. If symptoms accompanying fever include severe headache, breathing difficulty, or dehydration, it is essential to seek treatment immediately to prevent complications.
Potential Risks in Each Stage of Pregnancy
| Pregnancy Stage | Risks and Complications |
|---|---|
| First Trimester | – Increased risk of neural tube defects affecting the baby's spine and brain. – Preconceptional maternal fever may impact early fetal growth. – Possible miscarriage concerns due to high fever. |
| Second and Third Trimester | – Preterm labour and complications due to fever-related infections. – Impact on fetal development, including low birth weight. – Weakened immune system, making the mother more vulnerable to illness. |
When to Seek Emergency Care
If fever during pregnancy is severe or persistent, immediate medical attention is required. Seek emergency care if you experience:
- Fever above 102°F (39°C) – High fever may indicate an underlying infection like a viral infection or stomach virus.
- Severe headache, confusion, or difficulty breathing – These could signal a serious condition affecting both the mother and the developing baby.
- Persistent vomiting or dehydration – Lack of fluids can worsen fever symptoms and require hospitalization.
To prevent fever, pregnant women should avoid sick people, drink cold beverages, and maintain good hygiene. If fever symptoms persist, seek treatment promptly to protect the mother and baby.
Safe Remedies and Treatment Options for Fever During Pregnancy
Fever in pregnancy should be managed carefully to avoid pregnancy complications and ensure the safety of the growing baby. A mild fever or low-grade fever is usually harmless, but a high fever can pose a risk of congenital malformations and low birth weight if left untreated.
Pregnant women should follow safe remedies to reduce fever while avoiding treatments that may cause pregnancy harm. Hydration, proper nutrition, and doctor-approved medications can help bring body temperature back to normal.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and cold beverages to regulate body temperature and prevent fever.
- Eat nutritious meals rich in folic acid to strengthen the immune system and support fetal development.
- Take acetaminophen (paracetamol) for fever relief, but consult a healthcare provider before taking medication.
- Use cool compresses and wear light clothing to help lower higher temperature naturally.
- Avoid aspirin and ibuprofen, as they may cause pregnancy harm and affect the spinal cord of the developing baby.
Following these remedies can help pregnant women recover safely and ensure a healthy baby.
Conclusion
Managing fever during pregnancy is crucial for both the mother and the developing baby. While a mild fever is usually not harmful, a high fever can increase the risk of pregnancy complications, including neural tube defects, low birth weight, and preterm labor. Identifying symptoms accompanying fever, such as chills, body temperature changes, or dehydration, helps in early treatment.
Safe remedies like hydration, rest, and doctor-approved medications can help reduce fever. If the fever persists, Consult SRM Global Hospital for expert care and safe treatment options. Seeking timely medical advice ensures a healthy pregnancy and the well-being of both mother and baby.
FAQs
- Is fever normal during pregnancy?
A mild fever is common, but a high fever above 100.4°F (38°C) may indicate an underlying infection and should be monitored.
- Can fever harm my baby?
A high fever in early pregnancy may increase the risk of neural tube defects or low birth weight if untreated.
- What should I do if I have a fever?
Stay hydrated, rest, and take doctor-approved medications like acetaminophen. Seek medical attention if fever persists.
- When should I see a doctor?
If the fever is above 102°F (39°C) or includes severe symptoms like difficulty breathing or dehydration, see a healthcare provider immediately.
- Can I take medicine for fever during pregnancy?
Acetaminophen is generally safe, but avoid aspirin and ibuprofen unless prescribed by your doctor.
